Hi,

One important piece of information is to know what kind of fig you have. If you have never had any figs go past a tiny hard green stage you may be growing the wrong kind of fig for our area of central Maryland.  Most of the figs we grow are self pollinating and do not need a special pollinator/fig wasp which we do not have in our climate-f. This type can grow the green fleshy synconium (holds flower parts) but can't progress beyond that point without the special pollinator activity. So you never get anything that ripens. Types that do well might be Celeste or Chicago Hardy. 

If, however, you do have the figs that don't need the pollinator, then the problem is likely environmental . For example does the fig get 6 or more hours of direct sun?  Is it less than 4 years old--too young still,   Has it been getting at least an inch of water when the fruit has set? Did it get watered well during the extreme heat and drought over the summer? Drought stress stalls ripening. 

Is it a potted fig that goes inside or did/does it it die to the ground in the winter? This last winter was especially hard for figs that grew vigorously over several winters that seemed to be like a zone warmer than usual. Then we had the extreme cold on top of drought. Many figs died back hard. They take a lot of energy to regrow and not enough to plump out the figs they managed to grow on surviving wood. Those should have been plump like a plum and coloring up. But I am seeing very small hard figs in the last of August. Sometimes, figs can take a breather and seem to do nothing, and then as long as they get enough water will complete the process after several weeks. Or, recovering from winter injury takes everything out of them and they can't make enough energy to get figs to maturity. 

You need 90-100 frost free days to get figs. If the tree sets fruit too late due to weather conditions, the figs won't have time to ripen. Fig trees need the most water duuring fruit set and normal ripening period and should be kept moist during this time. As trees, they are very drought tolerant, but for fruit--not so much.