Exclusion is going to be your most effective approach in the short- and long-term, whether you decide to exclude them from just your growing beds or your entire yard. For a permanent barrier (2ft high, ideally tight to the ground or with a 6inch "apron" buried below the surface to prevent under-digging) I recommend using welded-wire - "Hardware cloth" with 1/2inch mesh is a good and durable choice. Also, although chicken wire isn't as durable or long-lasting, it can be used to build "caps" you can set over groups/rows of plants. Seasonal alternatives could also include water "scarecrows" or electrified poultry fencing, depending on your site's characteristics.