A lot of what you are talking about falls under the category ‘windbreak’. These types of plantings also cut noise and pollution.

If you are planting close to the road, you will want to look for trees and shrubs that are salt tolerant. You also want to think about deer and other critter feeding. Deer love Arborvitae when there is a lot of snow and they are hungry. You will probably want to protect them with hardware cloth the first few years. 

There are many varieties of arborvitae on the market. When you are shopping, be sure to look their mature size and give them space. Some are faster growing than other. You may also want to include some junipers for a different look and feel.the tend to be more on the bluish green scale, while yews are good for more shady areas and are vibrantly green.

A mix of evergreen and deciduous is nice because you can generate r seasons of interest. Native Sumac will fill in quite readily and look beautiful in autumn.

You will also want to plant layers of short, medium and tall shrubs, And be sure to not just plant one long line - staggering rows is good. 

Below are some recommendations that should help you.

https://extension.umn.edu/find-plants/trees-and-shrubs