Any pesticide spray applied while flowers are open and being visited by pollinators may risk harm to those pollinators, especially if the spray is an insecticide or fungicide. However, the spray schedule for fruit trees is likely to overlap bloom time out of necessity to maintain protection from infectious spores and other ailments, so it may be a trade-off of risk: reduced pollination versus some disease or pest problems "breaking through" the preventative spray program and affecting the tree or harvest quality for that year. Organic pesticides in general have a shorter residual (the length of time the residues remain active and potentially hazardous to vulnerable organisms) than synthetic pesticides, so that might help to limit pollinator exposure, but the trade-off with that is the reduced efficacy of organic sprays overall when controlling fruit tree issues.

When to spray depends on the type of fruit and which pests/diseases you are trying to control. Having the first spray for either issue being mid- to late spring is quite late compared to typical spray schedules, which usually need to begin well before bloom in order to suppress early-infecting fungi.

For fruit preventive care in Maryland, we refer gardeners to the Virginia Tech management guide for home fruit (see the linked page). It's a long document since it has so much to cover, but you can keyword search it for either the pest/disease or fruit type.

Miri

You're welcome.