The white specks are the shed skins of aphids; we see a few of the live (green) aphids on the stem on the left side of the photo. Aphids are a very common plant pest indoors and outdoors. They are fairly easy to remove, and the simplest approach is to blast them off the foliage using a strong spray of plain water in a sink or shower. (You may need to find a way to keep the water from blasting soil out of the pot in the process.)

If a low-toxicity pesticide is needed, you can use either insecticidal soap (a registered product, not a home remedy alternative using household soap) or horticultural oil (neem oil being one example). Whether using either spray or just water, more than one treatment will probably be needed to get them all. Instructions for use on the insecticide product label will state how long to wait between sprays (often 1-2 weeks).

Miri