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Sickened from spreading arborist wood chips from ChipDrop #878624

Asked July 24, 2024, 4:32 PM EDT

I recently received a ChipDrop of local arborist wood chips in Beaverton Oregon. After spreading some of them as mulch in my garden, I became sick with flu-like symptoms within 12 hours. After 36 hours I started feeling slightly better and went and spread more of the wood chips as mulch. The next morning my symptoms return much more intensely and lasted for about 3-4 days. Two Covid test during this time were negative. After researching, I suspect I had developed ODTS, organic dust toxic syndrome. Online, I've read of many other people experiencing similar symptoms from spreading wood chips. Although decomposing wood chips with the fungi/molds/bacteria are incredibly beneficial for a garden, the endotoxins that aerosolized during spreading are super toxic for humans to breaths in. My questions are: What is the preferred mask to use when spreading? A dust mask, N95, or a P100 respirator. Does wetting the pile before spreading help reduce the amount of endotoxin aerosolized or does it encourage even faster growth and thus more endotoxin levels? I am not normally what I would consider a susceptible person, having no underlying conditions and no known allergies. Furthermore, spreading wood chips and home compost as mulch is incredibly common and I've never heard of ODTS before. Are most people not susceptible to this or is everybody susceptible but it depends on the type of fungi/molds in each particular pile and the toxin load exposure? Are more people getting sick from these but it's going undetected and misdiagnosed as the flu or a cold? After spreading from a big pile to a 4-6" layer of mulch, how long does it take before these molds/fungi/endotoxins are neutralized and thereby save to walk on and dig around and weed your plants? After mulching, does spraying water on the mulch help 'rinse' these toxins to the soil surface, thereby reducing the puffing of these in the air? What can we do to educate the community about the dangers associate with such a benign activity.

Washington County Oregon

Expert Response

Craig: I am sorry that you had the reaction to the pile that you did. I trust that you got a medical visit to review with them your prevention options. I am familiar with ODTS in other farm settings (clearing out bedding for hogs or poultry and dust issues with grain handling) but am not familiar with your ODTS-type incident. 

Is your sense that the chips you got were very fresh? How long did they sit before you started to spread them? Did the pile seem hot/steamy? 

There is no question that fresh chip material is microbially active. The particular populations would  depend on the site, time of year, and species being chipped.  The populations will also change as the decomposition process proceeds. 

I did some research but couldn't really find much information on wood chip health management except occasional advice to wear a mask. N 95s that fit well should work but you should consult your doctor for their opinion. I was curious to see if someone that experienced ODTS became more or less sensitive to it but found nothing on that. 

I don't think your reaction is common. But as more gardeners are getting arborist chips (and they are very good as a landscape mulch) there are bound to be more events like yours. 

Here is a quite technical review of the literature on ODTS and similar potential medical dust issues: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S<personal data hidden>0196X/pdfft?md5=6b46f45e459a2d210c42d106eff326cf&pid=1-s2.0-S<personal data hidden>0196X-main.pdf

  Hope this helps. Chip Bubl OSU Extension Agent/Columbia County (recently retired) <personal data hidden>. 
An Ask Extension Expert Replied July 26, 2024, 11:53 AM EDT

Thanks for the reply.
The chips seems fairly fresh, as I could see bits of leaves and needles in the mix of wood chips.
Here's the timeline:

Monday: Pile was dropped off. We spread some chips, several wheelbarrows full. There was some dust.

Tuesday: We spread some chips, several wheelbarrows full.

Wednesday: No chips spread.

Thursday: Spread several wheelbarrows full. Seemed like dust/steam action was increasing as weather was drier and we got more into the center of the pile. it did appear to be grayish white powdery stuff.

Friday: Symptoms began. No chips were spread.

Saturday: Symptoms started diminishing. Spread several more wheelbarrows full. There was layers of dusty powder coming out of the pile as I was digging into it. I definitely felt the heat off the chips as i was spreading them. I could feel the heat off them through my pants as i was kneeling on them.

Sunday: Symptoms returned more intensely than the first time. Fever/aches/malaise. All day in bed.

Monday: Symptoms continued: All day in bed.

Tuesday: worst symptoms were alleviated. Remaining weakness and difficulty breathing.

Wed: Gradually improving but remaining weakness and difficulty breathing.

Thurs: Gradually improving but remaining weakness and difficulty breathing. (a little better each day)

Friday: Gradually improving but remaining weakness and difficulty breathing. (a little better each day)


I worry there will be more incidents, and from what I've found, can even be deadly to some sensitive people. I've reached out to ChipDrop to ask them to increase their warning section.

Many people in discussion boards have had similar experiences.

I found these resources as it's seems like a common response, although many times it goes undiagnosed or misdiagnosed.

https://hhs.iowa.gov/epi-manual-guide-surveillance-investigation-and-reporting/environmental-disease/organic-dust-toxic#:~:text=Symptoms%20of%20ODTS%20occur%204,agricultural%20products%20to%20minimize%20spoilage.

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/94-102/pdfs/94-102.pdf?id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB94102

And this is a video testimonial of someone having a similar experience.

?si=J5rQRvx_i0JyUq-h


The Question Asker Replied July 26, 2024, 3:58 PM EDT
Craig: The amount of dust you saw is not generally consistent with fresh chips that came directly from a project unless they were removing the root system of large trees and grinding them with the dirt attached. I also sense that perhaps the chips stayed around for some time before being sent out which would increase the ODTS risk. But hard to say for sure. 

I did look into one case with arborist chips where they had, probably unknowingly, chipped up some climbing poison oak along with the tree(s) that it was climbing on. That did have a significant impact on the person receiving the chips. 

The core NIOSH link didn't open. Did some further searching in the NIOSH world and still haven't found what specific respiratory gear is appropriate to reduce/eliminate the risk. Chip
An Ask Extension Expert Replied July 26, 2024, 5:15 PM EDT

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