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where should I plant my raspberry, blackberry, blueberry bushes? #611572

Asked January 27, 2020, 12:17 PM EST

I have a nice tilled section of my lawn ready to plant in the spring. It runs from East to West 64 feet and the short end runs north to south 24 feet. Im planning on running the rows north south. I have a lot of annuals that I want to plant. But Im wondering if I should plant my peri annuals (berries and maybe grape vine) with the annuals? I do have space to make a separate area for the berry bushes as well as a couple of apple trees in the fall. I had read that I should plant my tallest plants on the east side, is that correct? I want to make sure I place my plants in the right area so they won't cast shadows on the other plants. So should I plant the berry bushes with the other plants or give them their own space? THanks Nann

Montgomery County Maryland

Expert Response

Hello Nann,

There are several ways to approach your planting layout. Have you had a soil test done to see if the soil is currently the ideal pH for each crop? (Blueberries prosper in acidic soil; brambles - blackberries and raspberries - are more flexible.) Information on soil testing and area labs can be found here: https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/topics/soil-testing.

Most of our strong sunlight does come from southern and western exposures, so siting taller plants on the eastern or northern end of a row should keep their shading to a minimum. All of these fruiting plants are sun-lovers, so maintaining a site that receives 6-8 (or more) hours of direct summer sun is important. They will tolerate less, but fruiting may decline and other health issues may arise.

Blueberries fruit best with cross-pollination, so be sure to plant at least two different varieties. This also gives you the benefit of a longer harvest season if the varieties have different ripening times. Brambles are self-pollinating but tend to take up more space than a blueberry if they are not upright-growing varieties. Highbush blueberries can reach the height of most adults and about as wide unless they are compact varieties or hybrids. Therefore, leaving enough space between them will ensure they have adequate access to water, nutrients, and air circulation. Brambles have a few different growth habits depending on variety; given their often-thorny stems and propensity to root where stems arch down to the ground, a support is useful. Trellises, wire systems, or anything to keep branches from arching out into the aisles will not only control their spread but also make harvesting fruit easier. Spacing between varieties of brambles will depend on the varieties used. Apple trees are often sold on dwarfing roots, but they can still reach about twice the size of a large blueberry bush. Given that they typically require cross-pollination as well, plan ahead for enough spacing between them to minimize competition.

Grapes will take up the most space, as they are vines that require support and good airflow to minimize fungal disease outbreaks. Grapes also prosper from pH above the level ideal for blueberries. Support structures do not have to be as formal as the arm-and-cordon styles of vineyards, but they should serve to hold the weight of older vines with thick trunks and to allow for good spacing between major branches and fruit clusters.

A helpful guide or source of inspiration could come from visiting a pick-your-own farm, where you can see how they space and train their crop plants. Granted, this is on a larger scale, but the same techniques could be utilized in a home garden.

Bear in mind when planning your layout and spacing the annual maintenance needed for any of these crops. Brambles, in particular, require a yearly cutting-back of older stems that have fruited and will not produce any longer. Techniques vary by ripening type, but access to the stems without getting caught in a tangle of thorny branches is worth considering. Blueberries don't require much in annual pruning, but apples may need a few years of formative pruning to set up the ideal branching structure for maturity. Room to maneuver without snapping branches of neighboring plants or stepping on perennial companion plants is a good thing to think about in the planning stage.

Annual plants, given that they have to be re-planted each year (or several times each year, depending on the plants desired), are not the best companions for shrub, vine, and tree beds. The regular soil disturbance from planting will damage the fruit roots; plant stress and wounds are a major attractant for pest insects and can give some diseases a foothold. Better companions would be perennial, which live for multiple years, and can be planted once while the fruits are still young and rooting-in. Groundcovers that tolerate periodic foot traffic would be good for aisles, although it may be more practical to mulch pathways instead. A mix of flowering perennials that offer pollen and nectar to an array of pollinators not only benefits the pollination potential of your crops but also draws in beneficial insects that will help keep pest populations in check. Plants with an array of colors, flower shapes, and bloom times will attract the greatest diversity.

The main reason to segregate the fruit crops would be for potential pest control that would impact nearby plants if the application timing is not compatible with their crop stage. Some sprays (even organic ones) can be used up to the day of harvest, and others need more time to break down. Therefore you want to make sure any overspray doesn't fall on a crop that is ready to harvest or otherwise less tolerant to that treatment. Similarly, if a particular crop needs a nutrient boost, you can target them with fertilizer rather than affecting neighboring plants with the runoff, which they probably would not need.

Miri

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