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Oil infusion botulism toxin #389418

Asked March 20, 2017, 2:08 PM EDT

Hello, I would like to ask about the risk of botulism in olive oil infusions. I have done this for years with garlic for cooking but have never heard about this risk until recently. My Mom sent me this today: "Garlic-in-oil mixtures stored at room temperature provide perfect conditions for producing botulism toxin (low acidity, no free oxygen in the oil, and warm temperatures). The same hazard exists for roasted garlic stored in oil. At least three outbreaks of botulism associated with garlic-in-oil mixtures have been reported in North America." So, here are my questions on this topic. The only time I have seen an unusual result with an oil infusion of this kind is when I tried adding onion AND garlic to an oil infusion. This means that garlic and onion was chopped, placed at the bottom of the jar and then covered with oil. I then stirred the mixture with a wooden implement. Lastly, I covered the oil with a paper towel and placed a rubber band around the mouth of the jar. Once a day, I stirred the mixture for a few weeks. I have done this with several jars of garlic in the past. But the one that I also added onion to on this occasion began to bubble. That has never happened before. Is that evidence of botulism? How can you tell if there is botulism in the mixture? Many thanks for taking my question, Jen

Washington County Oregon

Expert Response


Hi Jen,
Unfortunately, you are setting up an environment that is ideal for botulism growth. While it is rare, it is quite dangerous.
Botulism growth gives off no gases, so the bubbling from the onion was not likely botulism, but that doesn't rule out its presence. It is very hard to detect without expensive lab testing.
Botulism toxin is created when low acid produce, like garlic, is placed in a sealed environment, as it is immersed in oil.  
To prevent the possibility of botulism in vegetable-in-oil mixtures, we recommend either acidifying the vegetable or keeping the mixture refrigerated and using it in less than 4 days.  You can also make the mixture and freeze it in small amounts to put into cooking as you need it. Botulism does not grow when frozen.
Here is a fact sheet on acidifying a garlic-oil mixture.  

http://extension.oregonstate.edu/fch/sites/default/files/documents/pnw_664_making_garlicandherb_infused_oils.pdf

Jeanne Brandt Replied March 21, 2017, 11:52 AM EDT

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