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Big Onions #880063

Asked August 03, 2024, 6:17 PM EDT

How do I grow larger onions in central Ohio? I have a raised garden bed with a soil mix that is 15 inches deep - mostly a garden soil mix consisting of 60% compost, 30% clay, and 10% sand in which I mixed another 10% zoo brew (compost from organic material from Columbus Zoo) and 5% vermiculite. I worked in a handful of Scott's Vegetable and Flower slow releaser fertilizer (10-10-10) and planted the sets (all about 3/4 inches in diameter) one inch deep on March 16th. I planted 50 white onions and 50 red onions in a tight grid pattern so all the sets were about 2 1/2 inches apart. It took a full two weeks for the first sets to sprout. Almost every set came up. As the weather warmed the tops grew thick and tall. Over the last 140 days I watered the onions every 2 or 3 days. None of the onions went to seed. The tops were mostly dried out and bent over so today I pulled all the onions. Only two onions were starting to rot, the rest were quite solid, but the rings are thin and the onions mostly small. I got 12 red onions about 2 1/4 inches in diameter, the rest were only 1 inch. I got 18 white onions about 2 1/4 inches in diameter, the rest were only 1 inch. I could not discern a pattern for where the larger onions were located in the grid. My raised bed gets 7 to 9 hours of sunlight - depending on the month. I'm wondering if I planted the onions too close. Perhaps they need more sunlight or more fertilizer. I would appreciate your thoughts on this. Thank you.

Delaware County Ohio

Expert Response

Clyde,
Thank you for providing a thorough review of your onion planting process. It does sound like your plants needed more sunlight  than they received and spacing was tight. 
There are different types of onions within the white and red onion types. Some are long-day while others are short-day.  
Each require specific care. 
Planting recommendations : 
Planting: 2” deep, 3-4” apart with rows 12-16” apart. 
I also recommend testing your soil. It sounds like you’ve enhanced the raised bed well but it could be too much. Onions need nitrogen and moist soil with good drainage. Planting depth is important too.  
Your local extension office can assist you in obtaining a soil test kit.
Use this link to learn more. 
https://agsci.psu.edu/aasl/soil-testing

Here are two other links you can use to learn more about growing onions. 
https://extension.umn.edu/vegetables/growing-onions
https://extension.unh.edu/blog/2020/10/how-do-i-get-my-onions-grow-bigger

I think with a few adjustments and onion type selection you’ll have better results next year.
Enjoy your harvest. This has been an unusual growing summer. 
BarbLB Replied August 03, 2024, 8:01 PM EDT

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