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Flood Impacted Vegetable Garden #876976

Asked July 12, 2024, 12:42 PM EDT

Hi- My vegetable garden was inundated by the July 10th floods. I have read you guidance provided in "After the Flood: Tips on Edible Garden Plants" but still have some questions. Two of my garden beds have a layer of silt. My plan for those beds is to get rid of the carrots, kale, and potatoes in those beds. But I am wondering about plants such as cucumbers, for which the fruit were above the water line but now have flood silts in the soil. Should I also get rid of those plants? Similar for my raspberries & blueberries, which were surrounded by river water but for which the fruit did not touch flood waters. However, there is silt deposited around them. Thank you!

Washington County Vermont

Expert Response

Hello Rebecca, 

Thank you for reaching out to the EMG Helpline! We're sorry to hear that your garden was impacted by the recent flood event. 

A colleague shared this resource. It was written for commercial growers, but the information could apply to a home garden as well:  https://www.uvm.edu/sites/default/files/UVM-Extension-Cultivating-Healthy-Communities/Flooded_Produce_FAQ.pdf

Commercial growers are strictly prohibited from selling produce that has come in contact with flood waters, even for animal consumption. The most conservative approach is to not consume the cucumbers or berries. Here are a few excerpts that the above linked guide that might help with your risk determination, safety for silt removal or remediation, and planting the impacted area in the future:

If the edible portion of a crop was above the flood water can it be sold?
Yes but only if the risk is low. Growers will have to make their own case-by-case analysis of this situation. See the FDA guidance about evaluating the safety of flood-affected crops.
Although the edible portion of a crop may not have been in direct contact with flood water, there is still risk of it becoming contaminated. Contaminants that remain on the stem can be transferred to the flower or fruit, or contaminants in the soil may be splashed up onto the fruit. The risk of cross-contamination through indirect sources is of particular concern in that the produce can become contaminated during the harvest or post- harvest handling process if it comes in contact with contaminated water, soil on hands, or other contact surfaces.
Because fruits and vegetables have irregular surfaces, once contaminants become attached to the cracks and crevices on the surface of produce, it is not considered possible to disinfect the edible portion.

Questions to consider to assess the level of risk include:
a) Are you confident that there are no major sources of contamination upstream (see description below for how to assess sources of contamination)?
b) Were the flood waters only a few inches up on the plant, and is the plant tall (For example, sweet corn, tall staked tomatoes, tree fruit and other crops where the edible portion is high on the plant and could be well above flood water even though the soil surface was flooded)?
c) Is there is any evidence that flood water splashed onto the crop?

My field has large deposits of silt and debris. Do I need to remove this, test it, or can I till it in?

Large debris in your fields should be removed, but the silt deposited by flood water and smaller debris does not need to be removed. Soils should be allowed to dry sufficiently and then tilled to at least six inches deep before planting crops. Adding compost or other organic matter when tilling will be beneficial to the soil’s biological activity, which can promote decomposition of some contaminants. To protect the soil from erosion after tilling,
it is advisable to plant a cover crop, which will also stimulate biological activity."

What kind of soil tests should I do before I plant again?

Biological contaminants (those that are carbon-based) will break down over time in the soil, and it is difficult to conduct meaningful tests for these due to their variety and spatial distribution. Heavy metals, however, will not break down over time, and can be tested for more easily using traditional soil sampling methods. The UVM Agricultural Testing Lab offers an initial screen for heavy metals as well as a more accurate test if the screen shows high levels. While it is not practical to test for all possible contaminants, a heavy metals screen may be useful in determining the level of risk that replanting poses.

What precautions should I take during clean-up?

Workers should wear protective clothing such as rubber boots, rubber gloves and an N-95 respirator mask when working in fields that were flooded, to avoid potential contact with or breathing contaminants. ... Try to minimize dust and tracking dirt and sediment from flooded areas into nonflooded areas (such as packing sheds) as much as possible to reduce the chances of cross-contamination.

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