Hi, I hope you can help me with info on Poison Parsnip eradication. I understand PP is biennial so the seed-bearing plants are “year 2” and low plants are “year 1”. So eradication is a process over time.    The infestation is dense, in an area about 100' x 100'. I just employed several approaches on our patch of PP as experiments. All were manual (no chemicals) and were done while plants were flowering, but before they set seeds:   • I dug and pulled roots and plant with Parsnip Predator shovel, then took roots/plants to our landfill. Some say this is the best method but digging and pulling by the roots is really time consuming and lugging big bags to landfill is all hard work.   • On another section, I used Parsnip Predator shovel to sever the stalks by slicing through the top of the roots. Root stays in the ground. I’ve left the severed stalks and tops on the ground. I’ve read “this kills the plant.” But does it kill the root? I plan to mow the field in the fall, or earlier if new stalks emerge. This is all pretty efficient, still time consuming.   • In another spot, I snipped off seed structure at top of plant and left the rest of the plant as-is. This removes seeds before maturity but new ones will surely appear this season. At that point, I can snip off new seed structures, or mow, or both. This is easiest but likely least effective.   Do you have insight on these methods plus suggestions and recommendations?