Hello Brook,

Those are spotted lanternfly nymphs. These invasive planthoppers are native to Asia and have recently moved into Maryland. They have piercing-sucking mouthparts and feed on plant sap from a wide range of plants including grapes, hops, apples, stone fruits, maples, walnuts, and other plant species. Their feeding does not kill most plants. They are primarily a threat to agricultural crops. Neem oil is only effective if it is applied directly on the lanterflies and the surfaces they are feeding on. It also has a very short period of residual activity, which may be why it is not working for you.

Japanese beetles are also difficult to control chemically, since new beetles can fly into your garden daily. A better option for both pests might be going out in the early morning and knocking the insects into a bucket of soapy water to control them. You could also try netting your rose to exclude both pests. Other control measures are outlined in the links provided to you.

Marie