Knowledgebase

Defoliation of Viburnum, Azaleas and Evergreens #870971

Asked May 31, 2024, 2:30 PM EDT

We live in the northern suburbs of St. Paul. In our garden we have (among other plants, trees and shrubs) a number of rosy lights azaleas, what we believe to be high bush cranberry viburnums and three small evergreens (not sure exactly what these are). All of these shrubs have suffered serious defoliation in the past ten days (approximately May 20 to May 30). We have been doing some of our own research and it appears that high bush cranberry can be susceptible to viburnum leaf beetle, and azaleas and evergreens to sawflies. We don't see any obvious larvae or insects on the shrubs. Something similar attacked the azaleas and evergreens, plus some gooseberry bushes, about this time last year but then the shrubs recovered. This year the problem seems to be spreading. Photos of the damage are attached. Can you provide some advice on what this might be and how to deal with the problem? We don't want it to spread further. I have attached 3 pictures. There are 3 others that I would like to see to give you a complete view of the issue. Thank you.

Ramsey County Minnesota

Expert Response

The damage in your photos is most likely caused by sawflies, as you mention. The female insects lay eggs in portions of the trees/shrubs. When these hatch they begin feeding, usually in the spring and so for 4 - 6 weeks. The caterpillars start out extremely small and feed before you may notice any damage. Often they are gone before you notice how extensive their feeding is. We had warmer temperatures earlier this spring causing them to start feeding earlier. The least invasive management is consistent monitoring of your plants early in spring. Pesticides can be used - use must occur when the caterpillars first hatch. Sawflies feed on. many different types of trees and shrubs. It is difficult to know if they are feeding on all the varieties you mention but they could be if damage looks similar. Below is a link to specific information about the life cycle of a sawfly, damage and treatment options. 

https://extension.umn.edu/yard-and-garden-insects/sawflies
Amy J. Extension Master Gardener - HC Replied June 04, 2024, 11:04 PM EDT

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