Likely flea beetles, and there is at least one of the adults visible in the first photo. (They are quite small among the various common leaf-chewing beetle species.) Prevention and control options, including organic pesticides and physical barriers like insect mesh netting or row cover, are included in the page linked above. Since you don't need bees to access the flowers on potato plants, you could keep the plants covered (once current beetle populations were managed) to prevent access to the foliage by these or other pests.

Miri

The management section at the bottom of that flea beetle page we linked to does include using diatomaceous earth as an option to discourage the beetles. (It might not be the most effective option, and it will not work when it's wet, but you can try it if you want.)

Miri