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What is damaging my River Birch leaves? #868882

Asked May 17, 2024, 12:46 PM EDT

Can you tell me what is causing these little brown, raised bumps and holes on my river birch leaves? One of my photos shows two very small, black caterpillar-like bugs on a leaf. Should I do anything to prevent further damage? Thank you, Lynn Collins Lake City, MI<personal data hidden>

Missaukee County Michigan

Expert Response

It looks like you have a few different things going on there. The bumps and distorted leaves are caused by a type of mite called an eriophyid. They cause leaf distortions (galls) called erinia that often also have a velvety appearance on at least one side of the leaf. Another species of eriophyid mite also causes the other small round bumps. They look bad, but they are not actually very harmful to the tree. We do not recommend any control measures because the mites have natural enemies and over time their numbers come under control naturally. Using pesticides can interfere with this natural process and actually make things worse for your tree.
The holes in your leaves are probably caused by the caterpillars in your photo. I can't identify the species based on the photo. However, I can tell you that we have been hearing reports of spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) outbreaks in your county. You can read more about spongy moth here: https://www.canr.msu.edu/ipm/Invasive_species/gypsy-moth/
An Ask Extension Expert Replied May 23, 2024, 10:21 AM EDT

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